Autogenous Vaccines

Apart from licensed vaccines, autogenous and autologous vaccines provide additional protection in controlling infectious diseases and maintaining livestock health. These vaccines are also most useful when there are no available licensed vaccines for the target pathogen or species.

Autologous vaccines are veterinary biologics prepared using pathogens and/or antigens isolated from an infected animal and used only for the particular animal.

Autogenous vaccines are veterinary biologics prepared using pathogens and/or antigens isolated from infected animals in a particular farm. These are then administered for the prevention of the disease for the same farm animals or nearby farms. In case of administration of nearby farms, there should be an epidemiological linkage between the farms to establish application of the same autogenous vaccine.

	Countries where production IS ALLOWED*	Countries where production IS NOT ALLOWED
Bacterial inactivated autogenous vaccines	ASEAN Australia Canada All EU member states South Africa United States
Viral inactivated autogenous vaccines	ASEAN Australia Belgium Canada Czech Republic Germany Hungary Italy Poland South Africa UK United States	Croatia Denmark Finland France Iceland Norway Portugal Slovakia Spain Sweden
Live-attenuated vaccines**	ASEAN Australia South Africa	Canada All EU member states USA

In Singapore, production of autogenous vaccines (classified as veterinary biologics) is regulated under Animal and Birds Act. A license to possess veterinary biologics should be obtained from AVS and NParks, which sets forth requirements including product testing to demonstrate stability, purity, sterility, and toxicity tests in animals.

Autogenous vaccines are approved to meet specific and immediate need when a disease is associated with a new pathogenic organism, when approved veterinary biologics are not effective in controlling current disease problem (when available vaccines lost their efficacy), or when approved veterinary biologics are not available to prevent or control the disease situation.

Autogenous Vaccines

Fish Autogenous Vaccines

Like terrestrial animals, autogenous vaccine development should also be managed under a comprehensive health program. Vaccination in fish farms should be consulted with a fish veterinarian or fish health specialist.